Ratios Formulas and Explanations

List of Ratios Formulas and Definitions on This Website:

Listed are the financial, accounting and business ratios pages that contain formulas to calculate ratios, definitions and explanations. 

Click on the following for an alphabetic search:

|A|B|C|D|E|F|G|I|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|W|Y|

Click on - A - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

 Acid Test Ratio  (a.k.a. Quick Ratio).

Accounts Receivable Turnover.

Advertising to Net Income.

Advertising to Sales.

After Tax Margin / After Tax Profit Margin (see Profit Margin Ratios).

Age of Inventory.

Altman’s z-score.

Audit Ratio.

Average Collection Period.

Average Inventory Period.

Average Obligation Period.

Average Wage and Benefit Cost per Employee.

Click on - B - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Bad Debts Ratio.

Breakeven Point.

Click on - C - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Capital Acquisition Ratio.

Capital Employment Ratio.

Capital Reinvestment Ratio.

Capital Structure Ratio.

Capital to Non-Current Assets.

Cash and Marketable Securities to Current Liabilities (a.k.a. Cash Ratio).

Cash and Marketable Securities to Working Capital.

Cash Balance Ratio.

Cash Breakeven Point.

Cash Debt Coverage.

Cash Dividend Coverage.

Cash Flow from Operations to Net Income.

Cash Flows for Investing vs. from Operations and Financing.

Cash Flows for Investing vs. Financing.

Cash Flow from Sales to Sales.

Cash Flow Ratio.

Cash Flow to Debt.

Cash Flow to Long Term Debt.

Cash Flows from Operations to Current Portion of Long Term Debt.

Cash Flows from Operations to Total Debt and Equity.

Cash Maturity Coverage.

Cash Ratio (a.k.a. Cash and Marketable Securities to Current Liabilities).

Cash Reinvestment Ratio.

Cash Return on Assets (Including and Excluding Interest).

Cash Return to Shareholders.

Cash Turnover Ratio.

Collection Period (a.k.a. Days Sales Outstanding or DSO Ratio). 

Collection Period to Payment Period.

Contribution Margin.

Contribution Margin Ratio.

Current Ratio.

Current Liabilities to Sales.

Current Return on Training and Development.

Click on - D - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Daily Savings in Delayed Cash Payments.

Days of Liquidity.

Days Sales Outstanding (a.k.a. DSO Ratio or Collection Period).

Debt to Assets.

Debt to Equity Ratio (a.k.a. Gearing Ratio or Leverage Ratio).

Debt Ratio.

Defensive Interval Period.

Discretionary Costs as a Percent of Sales.

Dividend Yield.

DSO Ratio (a.k.a. Days Sales Outstanding or Collection Period).

Click on - E - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

EBIT to Sales.

Employment Change.

Equipment Replacement Ratio.

Equipment Upkeep Ratio.

Equity Multiplier.

Expenses to Current Assets.

Click on - F - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Financial Leverage Ratio.

Fixed Assets to Short Term Debt.

Fixed Charge Coverage.

Fixed Costs (Excluding Labor) per Employee.

Fixed Cost per Employee.

Fixed Costs to Total Assets.

Fixed Costs to Total Labor.

Fixed Coverage.

Fixed Labor to Total Labor.

Click on - G - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Gearing Ratio (a.k.a. Debt to Equity Ratio or Leverage Ratio).

Gross Profit Margin.

Growth in Productivity and Knowledge Assets.

Growth Rate in Earnings per Share.

Growth Rate in Retained Earnings.

Click on - I - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Increase in Wages and Salaries per Employee.

Income to Assets.

Interest Cost of Inventory.

Interest Coverage (a.k.a. Times Interest Earned).

Inventory Conversion Ratio.

Inventory Turnover.

Click on - L - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Labor Costs to Net Income.

Labor Costs to Sales.

Labor Costs to Total Costs.

Leverage Ratio (a.k.a. Gearing Ratio or Debt to Equity Ratio).

Liquidity Index.

Long Term Debt to Shareholders Equity.

Long Term Return on Training and Development.

Click on - M - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Margin of Safety.

Click on - N- to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Net Cash Flows for Investing.

Net Income Increases to Pay Increases.

Net Income per Employee.

Net Income to Assets.

Net Income to Fixed Charges.

Net One Time Gains to Income.

Net One Time Gains to Sales.

Net Profit Margin (see Profit Margin Ratio).

Net Sales per Employee.

Net Sales to Gross Sales.

Non-Current Assets to Non-Current Liabilities.

Non-Operating Income to Net Income.

Number of Days Inventory.

Click on - O - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Office Supplies and Repairs per Employee.

Operating Cycle.

Operating Income to Wages and Salaries.

Operating Leverage.

Operating Margin or Operating Profit Margin (see also Profit Margin Ratio).

Operations Cash Flow to Current Liabilities.

Operations Cash Flow Plus Fixed Charges to Fixed Charges.

Operations Cash Flow Plus Interest to Interest.

Overhead to Direct Labor.

Overhead to Variable Costs.

Click on - P - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

 Payment Period.

Payment Period to Average Inventory Period.

Payment Period to Operating Cycle.

Percentage Change in Operating Income vs. Sales Volume.

Percent Change in People Employed.

Percent Export Earnings.

Percent Export Revenues.

Percent Growth in Productivity and Knowledge Assets.

Percent Increase in Wages and Salaries per Employee.

Percent Unstable Foreign Assets.

Percent Unstable Foreign Earnings.

Percent Unstable Foreign Revenues.

Phone Costs per Employee.

Pre-tax Margin or Pre-tax Profit Margin (see Profit Margin Ratio).

Price/Earnings Ratio.

Productivity and Knowledge Assets.

Productivity and Knowledge Contributed per Employee.

Productivity and Knowledge Contribution.

Profit Margin Ratio (a.k.a. Return on Sales).

Profits per Employee.

Click on - Q - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Quality Ratio.

Quick Assets.

Quick Ratio  (a.k.a. Acid Test Ratio).

Click on - R - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Repairs and Maintenance to Associated Assets.

Residual Income to Net Income.

Retained Earnings to Total Assets.

Return on Assets.

Return on Common Equity

Return on Investment.

Return on Sales (a.k.a. Profit Margin Ratio).

Revenues per Employee.

Click on - S - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Sales Return and Allowance to Sales.

Sales to Net Income.

Sales to Accounts Payable.

Sales to Break-Even Point.

Sales to Cash.

Sales to Current Assets.

Sales to Fixed Assets.

Sales to Total Assets.

Sales to Working Capital.

Short Term Debt to Depreciation.

Short Term Debt to Liabilities.

Short to Long Term Debt.

Click on - T - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

 Times Interest Earned (a.k.a. Interest Coverage Ratio).

Trend in Sales.

Training Costs per Employee.

Click on - W - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Working Capital.

Working Capital From Operations to Total Liabilities.

Working Capital Provided by Net Income.

Click on - Y - to get to the following business, financial and accounting ratio formulas. This provides the formula and meaning for calculating and interpreting the financial ratios.

Years Debt.